1. Negotiation objective
For many the purpose of negotiation is a substantive outcome and material gain. In China the deal is all about the relationship and there is no better way to succeed in doing trade than through a close alliance, so consider investing a lot of time in this pre-negotiation stage.
The goal of negotiation is not the signed contract and unexpected events are resolved through the partnership; the agreement is more a sign of the meaning to do business together than a legally binding record. Trust is the foundation of the agreement and the fact that you have signed an agreement does not actually mean that the deal is sealed; it means that a relationship has been recognised.
2. Negotiation approach and communication style
The Chinese negotiation style is one of teamwork and problem solving whilst still focused on the bottom line.
The communication approach is expressed by using titles, following procedure and being very respectful and alert in discussions. Always start with a formal approach, using first names and relaxed style is dangerous and can be considered offensive and interpreted as an insult.
When you negotiate, listen carefully to determine the exact meaning. It is unusual to hear a direct no and you will more likely be told "it is difficult" which in fact does mean you must not pursue it. Do not anticipate to receive direct clear answers, because you will try to resolve something that "is difficult" when in fact it can't be resolved.
3. Time perception
A lot of time is expended in developing a relationship which is a symbol of respect and which is expected to be reciprocated. For Westerners time is valuable and the Chinese usually exploit this fact. Preparation is therefore important, create options and let the otherside know that they are is not the only one who can walk away from the deal. Do not forget that "tomorrow" or "next week" often doesn't literally mean the following day or week; instead this could mean "in the future".
4. Negotiation approach
What for most Westerners may seem to be innocent socialising is in fact their way of gathering information.
Chinese negotiators are well versed in the art of positioning & framing, the complexities of pricing and the use of time as a negotiation tactic. They have good negotiation skills and will often use negotiation tactics to humiliate or shame the other party in order to create pressure and gain the advantage. Take the blame if a problem develops whether you are accountable or not and do not react with disrespect.
Your whole team is advised to attend the appointments and it's very important to arrange for someone with a position of authority within your business to make the introductions and to accompany you during meetings. Without visible official support, you will be delivering the wrong message about how genuinely you view the negotiations.
5. Team based negotiations
The Chinese almost never negotiate unaccompanied. It is not always clear who the leader is and who has total authority to decide matters. Although decisions are made by consensus, there is usually one leading authority who may not be very involved during negotiations. Gain the attention of their lead negotiator and direct your most persuasive and logical arguments towards him. The rest of the team normally plays the role of an advisory body.
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